Endocrinology and Metabolism

Sang Yong Kim (Kim SY)

10 Articles

Diabetes, obesity and metabolism
Efficacy of Gemigliptin Add-on to Dapagliflozin and Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (SOLUTION): Byung Wan Lee, KyungWan Min, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Bon Jeong Ku, Jun Goo Kang, Suk Chon, Won-Young Lee, Mi Kyoung Park, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Keeho Song, Soon Jib Yoo; Endocrinol Metab. 2023;38(3):328-337. Published online June 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2023.1688

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of add-on gemigliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had inadequate glycemic control with metformin and dapagliflozin.
Methods
In this randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blind, phase III study, 315 patients were randomized to receive either gemigliptin 50 mg (n=159) or placebo (n=156) with metformin and dapagliflozin for 24 weeks. After the 24-week treatment, patients who received the placebo were switched to gemigliptin, and all patients were treated with gemigliptin for an additional 28 weeks.
Results
The baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups, except for body mass index. At week 24, the least squares mean difference (standard error) in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) changes was –0.66% (0.07) with a 95% confidence interval of –0.80% to –0.52%, demonstrating superior HbA1c reduction in the gemigliptin group. After week 24, the HbA1c level significantly decreased in the placebo group as gemigliptin was administered, whereas the efficacy of HbA1c reduction was maintained up to week 52 in the gemigliptin group. The safety profiles were similar: the incidence rates of treatment-emergent adverse events up to week 24 were 27.67% and 29.22% in the gemigliptin and placebo groups, respectively. The safety profiles after week 24 were similar to those up to week 24 in both groups, and no new safety findings, including hypoglycemia, were noted.
Conclusion
Add-on gemigliptin was well tolerated, providing comparable safety profiles and superior efficacy in glycemic control over placebo for long-term use in patients with T2DM who had poor glycemic control with metformin and dapagliflozin.

Thyroid
Diabetes and Hyperthyroidism: Is There a Causal Link?: Sang Yong Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2021;36(6):1175-1177. Published online December 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2021.602

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Reply to “Hyperthyroidism in patients with asthma”
Shuo-Yan Gau, Jing-Yang Huang, Su-Boon Yong, James Cheng-Chung Wei
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice.2023; 11(2): 668. CrossRef

Clinical Study
Urinary Albumin Excretion Reflects Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women without Diabetes: The 2011 to 2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Hee Jung Ahn, Do Sik Moon, Da Yeong Kang, Jung In Lee, Da Young Kim, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Hak Yeon Bae; Endocrinol Metab. 2016;31(4):537-546. Published online November 3, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2016.31.4.537

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Background

The objective of the current study was to determine whether there was an association between urinary albumin excretion and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by estimating the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in postmenopausal women without diabetes.

Methods

This study was based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2011 to 2013. Data on 2,316 postmenopausal women from a total of 24,594 participants was included in the analysis.

Results

The mean FRS was significantly different in each of the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) subgroups, and it increased with UACR. The FRS was 12.69±0.12 in the optimal group, 14.30±0.19 in the intermediate normal group, 14.62±0.26 in the high normal group, and 15.86±0.36 in the microalbuminuria group. After fully adjusting for potential confounding factors, high normal levels and microalbuminuria were significantly associated with the highest tertile of FRS ([odds ratio (OR), 1.642; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.124 to 2.400] and [OR, 3.385; 95% CI, 2.088 to 5.488], respectively) compared with the optimal subgroup. High normal levels and microalbuminuria were also significantly associated with a ≥10% 10-year risk of CVD ([OR, 1.853; 95% CI, 1.122 to 3.060] and [OR, 2.831; 95% CI, 1.327 to 6.037], respectively) after adjusting for potential confounding covariates.

Conclusion

Urinary albumin excretion reflects CVD risk in postmenopausal women without diabetes, and high normal levels and microalbuminuria were independently associated with a higher risk of CVD.

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Association between urinary albumin creatinine ratio and cardiovascular disease
Yoo Jin Kim, Sang Won Hwang, Taesic Lee, Jun Young Lee, Young Uh, Gulali Aktas
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(3): e0283083. CrossRef
Relationship between Hypertension and the Declining Renal Function in Korean Adults
Jun Ho Lee
The Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2021; 53(1): 32. CrossRef
Significance of Obstetrical History with Future Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Emmanuel Bassily, Cameron Bell, Sean Verma, Nidhi Patel, Aarti Patel
The American Journal of Medicine.2019; 132(5): 567. CrossRef
Articles inEndocrinology and Metabolismin 2016
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(1): 62. CrossRef

Thyroid
The Validity of Ultrasonography-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Thyroid Nodules 4 cm or Larger Depends on Ultrasonography Characteristics: Jin Hwa Kim, Na Kyung Kim, Young Lyun Oh, Hye Jeong Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Sun Wook Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):545-552. Published online December 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.545

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Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) according to ultrasonography (US) characteristics in thyroid nodules 4 cm and larger.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 263 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for thyroid nodules larger than 4 cm between January 2001 and December 2010.

Results

The sensitivity of US-FNAB was significantly higher in nodules with calcifications (micro- or macro-) than those without (97.9% vs. 87.% P<0.05). The accuracy of US-FNAB was higher in large thyroid nodules with US features suspicious of malignancy, such as a solid component, ill-defined margin, hypoechogenicity or marked hypoechogenicity, or any calcifications (micro- or macro-) compared to thyroid nodules with none of these features. Furthermore, the accuracy improved as the number of these features increased. The overall false negative rate (FNR) was 11.9%. The FNR of thyroid nodules that appeared benign on US, such as mixed nodules (7.7%) or nodules without calcification (9.8%), trended toward being lower than that of solid nodules (17.9%) or nodules with any microcalcification or macrocalcification (33.3%). In nodules without suspicious features of malignancy, the FNR of US-FNAB was 0% (0/15).

Conclusion

We suggest individualized strategies for large thyroid nodules according to US features. Patients with benign FNAB can be followed in the absence of any malignant features in US. However, if patients exhibit any suspicious features, potential false negative results of FNAB should be kept in mind and surgery may be considered.

Citations

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Risk of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in thyroid nodules with diameters greater than 4 centimeters
Rafaela N. Barcelos, Cléber P. Camacho, Maria da Conceição de O. C. Mamone, Elza S. Ikejiri, Felipe A. B. Vanderlei, Ji H. Yang, Rosália P. Padovani, Leandro A. L. Martins, Rosa Paula M. Biscolla, Danielle Macellaro, Susan C. Lindsey, Rui M. B. Maciel, Jo
Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The comparison of accuracy of ultrasonographic features versus ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules
Mehrdad Nabahati, Zoleika Moazezi, Soude Fartookzadeh, Rahele Mehraeen, Naser Ghaemian, Majid Sharbatdaran
Journal of Ultrasound.2019; 22(3): 315. CrossRef
False negative rate of fine‐needle aspiration in thyroid nodules: impact of nodule size and ultrasound pattern
Hye Shin Ahn, Dong Gyu Na, Jung Hwan Baek, Jin Yong Sung, Ji‐Hoon Kim
Head & Neck.2019; 41(4): 967. CrossRef
Thyroid nodules over 4 cm do not have higher malignancy or benign cytology false-negative rates
Muhammed Kizilgul, Rupendra Shrestha, Angela Radulescu, Maria R. Evasovich, Lynn A. Burmeister
Endocrine.2019; 66(2): 249. CrossRef
Large Cytologically Benign Thyroid Nodules Do Not Have High Rates of Malignancy or False-Negative Rates and Clinical Observation Should be Considered: A Meta-Analysis
Nicole A. Cipriani, Michael G. White, Peter Angelos, Raymon H. Grogan
Thyroid.2018; 28(12): 1595. CrossRef
Risk of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules 4 cm or Larger
Uchechukwu C. Megwalu
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(1): 77. CrossRef
Usefulness of NRAS codon 61 mutation analysis and core needle biopsy for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules previously diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance
Eun Kyung Jang, Won Gu Kim, Eui Young Kim, Hyemi Kwon, Yun Mi Choi, Min Ji Jeon, Jung Hwan Baek, Jeong Hyun Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Jene Choi, Dong Eun Song, Won Bae Kim
Endocrine.2016; 52(2): 305. CrossRef
Association between neck ultrasonographic findings and clinico‐pathological features in the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Eun Kyung Jang, Won Gu Kim, Yun Mi Choi, Min Ji Jeon, Hyemi Kwon, Jung Hwan Baek, Jeong Hyun Lee, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Dong Eun Song, Won Bae Kim
Clinical Endocrinology.2015; 83(6): 968. CrossRef
Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2014
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2015; 30(1): 47. CrossRef

Obesity and Metabolism
Noninvasive Markers for the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Sang Yong Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(4):280-282. Published online December 12, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.4.280

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Developmental Programming: Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A on Senescence and Circadian Mediators in the Liver of Sheep
Giuliana Motta, Soundara Viveka Thangaraj, Vasantha Padmanabhan
Toxics.2023; 12(1): 15. CrossRef
Lobeglitazone, a Novel Thiazolidinedione, Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Its Efficacy and Predictive Factors Related to Responsiveness
Yong-ho Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, So Ra Kim, Heung Yong Jin, Eun-Jung Rhee, Young Min Cho, Byung-Wan Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2017; 32(1): 60. CrossRef
Significant liver fibrosis assessed using liver transient elastography is independently associated with low bone mineral density in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Gyuri Kim, Kwang Joon Kim, Yumie Rhee, Sung-Kil Lim, Salvatore Petta
PLOS ONE.2017; 12(7): e0182202. CrossRef

Obesity and Metabolism
Hemoglobin A1c Is Positively Correlated with Framingham Risk Score in Older, Apparently Healthy Nondiabetic Korean Adults: Ji Hye Shin, Ji In Kang, Yun Jung, Young Min Choi, Hyun Jung Park, Jung Hae So, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Hak Yeon Bae; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(2):103-109. Published online June 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.2.103

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Background

Several studies have suggested that elevated levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in nondiabetic individuals. However, it is unclear whether HbA1c levels can serve as a simple screening marker for increased CVD risk in nondiabetic individuals. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between HbA1c levels and CVD risk using the Framingham risk score (FRS) in older, apparently healthy nondiabetic Korean adults.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 2,879 Korean adults between the ages of 40 and 79 who underwent voluntary health check-ups at the Health Promotion Center of our hospital from July 2009 to June 2011. Subjects were subdivided based on their HbA1c levels into four groups: tertiles within the HbA1c normal tolerance range and a group for subjects with an increased risk for diabetes (IRD).

Results

The mean FRS for the upper tertile (9.6±3.8) group was significantly higher than that of the middle tertile (8.4±4.0) and lower tertile (7.6±3.8) groups. In addition, FRS was highest in the IRD group (10.5±3.7). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that HbA1c levels exhibited a significant positive correlation with FRS when adjusted for confounding variables in all subjects (β±standard error [SE], 0.018±0.002; R², 0.131), women (β±SE, 0.023±0.003; R², 0.170), and men (β±SE, 0.016±0.004; R², 0.109).

Conclusion

HbA1c levels were positively correlated with FRS in older, apparently healthy nondiabetic Korean adults. We propose that HbA1c levels may reflect CVD risk in nondiabetic individuals.

Citations

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Correlation between cardiovascular risk and glycemic control among patients with diabetes
Naomi Niari Dalimunthe, Herwindo Ahmad, Dina Arwina Dalimunthe
MGM Journal of Medical Sciences.2024; 11(1): 44. CrossRef
Framingham Risk Score Assessment in Subjects with Pre-diabetes and Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Korea
Hyuk Sang Kwon, Kee Ho Song, Jae Myung Yu, Dong Sun Kim, Ho Sang Shon, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Sung Hee Choi, Seung Hyun Ko, Won Kim, Kyoung Hwa Lee, Il Seong Nam-Goong, Tae Sun Park
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2021; 30(3): 261. CrossRef
Physician-Directed Diabetes Education without a Medication Change and Associated Patient Outcomes
Hun-Sung Kim, Hyunah Kim, Hae-Kyung Yang, Eun Young Lee, Yoo Jin Jeong, Tong Min Kim, So Jung Yang, Seo Yeon Baik, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, In Young Choi, Hyeon Woo Yim, Bong-Yun Cha
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2017; 41(3): 187. CrossRef
Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Effect of Internet-Based Glucose Management System on Subjects with Diabetes in China
Hun-Sung Kim, Chenglin Sun, So Jung Yang, Lin Sun, Fei Li, In Young Choi, Jae-Hyoung Cho, Guixia Wang, Kun-Ho Yoon
Telemedicine and e-Health.2016; 22(8): 666. CrossRef
GA to HbA1C ratio, but not HbA1C is associated with cognition in Chinese nondiabetic old adults
Yuan Zhong, Jun Jin, Chan Chan Xu, Guo Xiang Fu
Aging & Mental Health.2015; 19(9): 853. CrossRef
Relationship of Glycated Hemoglobin A1c, Coronary Artery Calcification and Insulin Resistance in Males Without Diabetes
Chan-Hee Jung, Eun-Jung Rhee, Kyu-Jin Kim, Bo-Yeon Kim, Se Eun Park, Yoosoo Chang, Seungho Ryu, Cheol-Young Park, Ji-Oh Mok, Ki-Won Oh, Chul-Hee Kim, Sung-Woo Park, Sung-Koo Kang, Won-Young Lee
Archives of Medical Research.2015; 46(1): 71. CrossRef
Evaluation of Nutrient Intake and Food Variety in Korean Male Adults according to Framingham Risk Score
Mi-Kyeong Choi, Yun-Jung Bae
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2014; 27(3): 484. CrossRef
Brief Review of Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2013
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(3): 251. CrossRef
Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among diabetes mellitus: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV, V) from 2007 to 2012
Jae Ho Chung, Kitae Moon, Do Hyung Kim, Joo-Won Min, Tae Ho Kim, Hee-Jin Hwang
Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2014; 77(6): 457. CrossRef

Diabetic Ketoacidosis Associated with Emphysematous Gastritis: A Case Report.: Young Min Choi, Jun Won Seo, Woo Jin Lee, Hyeong Jin Park, Ji Hye Shin, Seung Bum Kang, Jun Lee, Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Hak Yeon Bae; Endocrinol Metab. 2011;26(4):355-359. Published online December 1, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2011.26.4.355

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Abstract PDF: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious and demanding medical emergency for the field of endocrinology, and the identification and correction of the precipitating factors is equally important. Many patients of diabetic ketoacidosis show gastrointestinal symptoms as an initial presentation, and coincidental gastrointestinal diseases can be neglected or misdiagnosed. Emphysematous gastritis is a rare and lethal disease in which gas bubbles form in the stomach wall. The predisposing factors include ingestion of corrosive substances, alcohol abuse, diabetes, and immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, it may be difficult to detect emphysematous gastritis early, especially when it is developed in conjunction with diabetic ketoacidosis. We report a case of diabetic ketoacidosis associated with emphysematous gastritis in a young male without medical history.

Graves' Disease Accompanied by Pheochromocytoma: Report of a Case.: Jin Hwa Kim, Sang Jun Lee, Ji Hye Shin, Mi Ra You, Jae Sik Jung, Sang Yong Kim, Hak Yeon Bae; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):126-131. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.126

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Abstract PDF

We present here a rare case of Graves' disease accompanied by pheochromocytoma, and the patient showed normal urine and serum levels of catecholamines and their metabolites. A 45-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for the evaluation of a right adrenal incidentaloma that was detected by chest computed tomography. She had been diagnosed with Graves' disease 1 month previously. She had no symptoms of pheochromocytoma such as hypertension or a history of hypertension attack. Two consecutive 24-hour urine samples were sent to the lab for measurement of the catecholamines, and both samples showed normal levels of metanephrine and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). After right adrenalectomy was performed, the final pathological diagnosis was adrenal pheochromocytoma. This case suggests that the onset of Graves' disease may be associated with excess catecholamine secreted by a pheochromocytoma. In addition, although the conventional method for detecting pheochromocytoma is to identify an increase of the urine catecholamines, physicians should be aware of the possibility of false negativity on this test.

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Functional retroperitoneal paraganglioma invading the inferior vena cava in the elderly, a case report and literature review
Mohamed Aymane Loukili, Imane Assarrar, Nada El Yamani, Anass Haloui, Siham Rouf, Hanane Latrech
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2023; 109: 108547. CrossRef

A Case of Adult Onset Type II Citrullinemia with SLC25A13 Gene Mutation.: Jin Hwa Kim, Keo Woon Park, Chul Jin Park, Gil Hong Sun, Hyung Ho Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Hak Yoen Bae, Eun Hae Cho, Song Hyun Yang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(6):542-547. Published online December 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.6.542

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Abstract PDF: Adult onset type II citrullinemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of the amino acid metabolism caused by a deficiency of liver specific argininosuccinate synthetase activity. This disease can occur at any age in life with recurrent episodes of neurological signs and symptoms such as disorientation, abnormal behaviors (aggression, irritability and hyperactivity), seizures, coma and potential death from brain edema, which are resulted from hyperammonemia. We should consider this rare metabolic disease for the adult patient who exhibits mental change and hyperammonemia without liver or brain disease. Recently. SLC25A13 gene, encoding the mitochondrial aspartate glutamate carrier protein named citrin, is demonstrated to be responsible for adult onset type II citrullinemia. We experienced a 39-year-old female who suffered from generalized weakness, dizziness and lethargy, and diagnosed as adult onset type II citrullinemia by highly elevated plasma citrulline and ammonia and the SLC25A13 gene mutation. We report here on this unusual case of adult onset type II citrullulinemia with a brief review of the related literature.

A Case of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Associated with Multiple Sclerosis.: Beom Ju Lee, Jong Chan Oh, Sang Yong Kim, Dong Hyun Choi, Jung In Kim, Gyung Nam Kim, Jin Hwa Kim, Hak Yeon Bae; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(4):426-432. Published online August 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder, which may be associated with other rheumatologic or endocrine diseases induced by autoantibodies. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is also an organ-specific autoimmune disorder, and its association with multiple sclerosis during interferon therapy has been reported. Cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with multiple sclerosis are very rare. Herein is reported our experience of a 27 year-old woman who presented with general weakness, cold intolerance and progressive muscle weakness. She had been treated with levothyroxine due to subclinical hypothyroidism, which rather aggravated the symptom. In a CSF analysis, the myelin basic protein level was above 10 ng/dL and that of the IgG and the IgG index were 135 mg/dL and 7.8, respectively. In a brain MRI, demyelinating lesions in the left middle pontocerebellar junction and right subcortex were shown. She was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, and the symptom improved after glucocorticoid and levothyroxine therapy. Herein is reported the first Korean case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis associated with multiple sclerosis

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